Extraction and preconcentration of β-blockers in human urine for analysis with high performance liquid chromatography by means of carrier-mediated liquid phase microextraction

摘要: Abstract A novel method was developed for the analysis of four β-blockers, namely sotalol, carteolol, bisoprolol, and propranolol, in human urine by coupling carrier-mediated liquid phase microextraction (CM-LPME) to high performance chromatography (HPLC). By adding an appropriate carrier organic phase, simultaneous extraction enrichment hydrophilic (sotalol, bisoprolol) hydrophobic (propranolol) drugs were achieved. High factors obtained optimizing compositions acceptor solution, donor stirring rate, time. The linear ranges from 0.05 10.0 mg L−1 sotalol 8.0 mg L−1 bisoprolol propranolol. limits detection (S/N = 3) 0.01 mg L−1 0.005 mg L−1 relative standard deviations lower than 6%. exhibited analyte preconcentration excellent sample clean-up effects with little solvent consumption found be sensitive suitable determination above spiked urine. Furthermore, successful propranolol real specimens revealed that β-blockers is feasible using present method.