City life in the midst of the forest: a Punan hunter-gatherer’s vision of conservation and development

摘要: The Punan Tubu, a group of hunter-gatherers in East-Kalimantan, Indonesia, are used to illustrate the very real trade-offs that made between conservation and development. This has undergone various forms resettlement 20th century, point some now settled close city Malinau whereas others remain remote locations upper Tubu catchment. study is based on several years ethnographic household analysis. clearly favor both In city, benefit from all positive effects Child infant mortality rates low, illiteracy been eradicated among younger generation. However, complain nothing town free. older generation, particular, resents loss culture. Because frustration unemployment, young people often succumb alcoholism drug addiction. do not want choose development, forest life life. They advantages locations, enjoy free products aspects modern life, go wild boar hunting morning watch television evening. short, they midst forest. same kind contradiction led identity problems. uphold traditional hunter-gatherer, but at time reject marginalization seek integration into larger society. without identity. settlement Sule-Pipa illustrates how groups have dealt with more successfully. Thanks good organization charitable donations, secured educational facilities basic health care, marketing costs reduced by collectively organized road river transportation. economy village thriving, mainly because collection primary Remoteness saved community intensive logging, uncontrolled excessive exploitation local outsiders, conversion. But few communities luxury injections funds, roads will be built sooner or later. playing for can help develop capacity ability cope competitive developed world maintain their cultural