作者: H. Schmid-Schönbein
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_3
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摘要: This chapter is devoted to a discussion of new interdisciplinary approaches developed deal with phenomena that can be observed in large assemblies elements and are studied set research areas investigating nonlinear, nonequilibrium dynamics. These disciplines known as chaos research, catastrophe theory, or synergetics pursue holistic concepts about the behavior collectives priori unbound elements. We will start by giving historical perspective, roots current thought this field traced back nearly century. shall then mention change epistemological standpoints has been brought about. The major part concerned detailed techniques now used address interactions evolutions complex systems they abound nature.