The 1.7 kilogram microchip: energy and material use in the production of semiconductor devices.

摘要: The scale of environmental impacts associated with the manufacture microchips is characterized through analysis material and energy inputs into processes in production chain. total weight secondary fossil fuel chemical to produce use a single 2-gram 32MB DRAM chip are estimated at 1600 g 72 g, respectively. Use water elemental gases (mainly N2) fabrication stage 32 000 700 per chip, chain yielding silicon wafers from quartz uses 160 times required for typical silicon, indicating that purification semiconductor grade materials intensive. Due its extremely low- entropy, organized structure, intensity microchip orders magnitude higher than "traditional" goods. Future other low entropy high-tech goods needs include materials, especially purification.