Synergizing radiation therapy and immunotherapy for curing incurable cancers. Opportunities and challenges.

摘要: The combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy holds particular promise as a strategy for cancer therapeutics. Evidence suggests that is most beneficial alone when employed early in the disease process or with standard therapies (eg, radiation) later process. Indeed, may act synergistically to enhance immune responses, inhibit immunosuppression, and/or alter phenotype tumor cells, thus rendering them more susceptible immune-mediated killing. As monotherapies, both be insufficient eliminate masses. However, following immunization vaccine, destruction even small percentage cells by could result crosspriming presentation antigens system, thereby potentiating antitumor responses. Learning how exploit radiation-induced changes tumor-cell antigens, induce effective responses these cumulatively immunogenic stimuli, an exciting frontier research. This review examines mechanisms which many forms can augment well preclinical systems demonstrating effectively combined therapy. Finally, we current clinical trials where standard-of-care being immunotherapy.