Characteristics of electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated tokamak power reactors

摘要: A set of constraints is derived for the operating characteristics tokamak power reactors which are bulk-heated by electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Four modes considered: ordinary wave at frequency, Ω, and second-harmonic 2Ω, extraordinary-wave Ω 2Ω. For ordinary-wave appears to be most promising method, frequency ω ≈ must exceed plasma ωp, penetration into plasma. The authors' main conclusion that need high-density operation (n0 > 4 × 1020m−3) in moderate-size reactors, coupled with accessibility condition leads requirement frequencies 200-GHz range ECRH reactor plasmas. further on may consideration ignition using empirical scaling laws energy confinement time. This latter does not increase unless impurities present or degrades increasing temperature. It also found that, average β limited less than 0.039 a central temperature below 15 keV, assuming parabolic density profiles. use extraordinary might lower reactor. However, it unattractive because, order penetrate centre plasma, ports located inside torus. High-beta, field can heated from outboard side torus radiation. these devices will have as high higher those needed fundamental frequency. Extrapolation maser (gyrotron) technology provide modular systems discussed.