Dissociable Brain Mechanisms for Processing Social Exclusion and Rule Violation

摘要: Social exclusion inherently involves an element of expectancy violation, in that we expect other people to follow the unwritten rule include us social interactions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, employed a unique modification interactive virtual ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (Williams et al., 2000) and novel paradigm "Cybershape," which rules are broken absence exclusion, dissociate brain regions process from violations more generally. Our Cyberball alternating block design removed evoked responses events when participant was throwing ball inclusion make condition comparable where participants did not throw. With these modifications, replicated prior findings ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), insula, posterior activity by relative inclusion. We also identified exclusion-evoked hippocampi, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus. Comparing violation revealed dissociation active neural systems as well differential connectivity with vACC. Some overlap observed differentially modulated including vACC lateral parietal cortex. These overlapping showed different activation during compared each fair play. patterns allowed for involved experience versus violation.