Analysis and Characterization of Halogenated Transformation Products of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Wastewater Effluent

摘要: Wastewater is a complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic pollutants including inorganic organic species. The use disinfection treatments such as chlorine necessary to attenuate encountered in wastewater prior its discharge into the environment. In recent years, presence pharmaceuticals personal care products (PPCPs) has received increasing attention due concern that these compounds may disrupt normal endocrine function aquatic biota. Less been paid potential for PPCP transformation new, chemically unique via treatments. This dissertation focuses on identification quantification halogenated pharmaceutical analogs effluent generated by treatment with chlorine. goal this research twofold: 1. Identify chlorination (TPs) selected PPCPs, synthesize purify standards (with without deuterium labeling) each TP characterize structure purity standards; 2. Use develop targeted high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods analysis PPCPs their TPs accurately quantify analyte solid phase extracts (SPE) several effluents from Southern California. initially lipid regulator gemfibrozil occurrence advanced primary effluent. Standards gemfibrozil's were synthesized, purified HPLC characterized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy accurate MS. extended identify analgesic salicylic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) diclofenac plasticizer bisphenol A secondary additional isolated same used TPs. culminates expanding tertiary include surfactants octylphenol nonylphenol, NSAID naproxen, addition synthesis deuterated TP. Several identified quantified first time at ng/L levels analyzed wastewaters.