Eye, head and skeletal muscle spindle feedback in the elaboration of body references.

摘要: Evidence is presented to support the notion that sensory feedback originating in muscles of major importance central elaboration motor representation. The muscle spindle messages during movement and postural performance may be processed order elaborate continuously updated static dynamic body references. These then form basis for interpretation retinal information terms spatial coordinates. main arguments supporting this view are as follows. Experimental manipulation proprioceptive by tendon vibration induced segmental or kinaesthetic illusory movements direction stretch vibrated muscles. By modifying distribution (agonists and/or antagonists), frequency duration vibratory stimuli it possible induce simple complex illusions parameters which predicted. Microneurographic recordings confirmed rather selectively excited Ia afferents, eliciting 1:1 driving up 80-100 Hz. Moreover painless vibration, applied at increasing (from 10 80 Hz) either medial, lateral, superior inferior rectus a subject's eye, was found directional perceptual effects were closely related context. Likewise, subjects reported shifts visually fixed target darkness extraocular vibration. data suggest proprioception contributes coding head position relation environmental conditions. As with eye stimulation, visual neck ankle summate when vibrations simultaneously likely involvement interrelating space extrapersonal oriented behaviour discussed.