Molecular and Microenvironmental Determinants of Glioma Stem-Like Cell Survival and Invasion.

摘要: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults with a 5-year survival rate of 5% despite intensive research efforts. The poor prognosis due, part, to aggressive invasion into surrounding parenchyma. Invasion complex process mediated by cell-intrinsic pathways, extrinsic microenvironmental cues, and biophysical cues from peritumoral stromal matrix. Recent data has attributed GBM glioma stem-like cell (GSC) sub-population. GSCs are slowly dividing, highly invasive, therapy resistant, considered give rise recurrence. localized heterogeneous cellular niche crosstalk between cells cultivates fertile environment that promotes GSC invasion. Pro-migratory soluble factors endothelial cells, astrocytes, macrophages, microglia, non-stem-like can stimulate GSCs. Therefore, therapeutic efforts designed target invasive may enhance patient survival. In this review, we summarize current understanding pathways major immune players facilitating maintenance