Effect of Environmental Change on Secondary Metabolite Production in Lichen-Forming Fungi

摘要: The production and regulation of secondary metabolites in non-lichenized fungi, mainly ascomycetes, has been reviewed by a number authors with an emerging understanding the biosynthesis pathways involved (Keller et al., 2005; Yu & Keller others). However, lichenized fungi make up almost half all known ascomycetes (Kirk 2001) are to produce over 800 metabolites, most which unique fungi. Many these compounds have bioactive properties (Huneck, 1999) some studies shown or suggested that metabolite is influenced changes culture conditions, might be regarded as environmental changes. Intense investigation from lichen hampered problems associated isolating growing cultures Lichens studied for more than two centuries morphological entities but experimental lichenology remained nearly unexplored scientific field many decades because slow nature lichens. Thomas (1939 Stocker-Worgotter, reported first successful resynthesis Cladonia pyxidata. Since 1970’s, one major goal improvement optimization conditions Culture techniques improved recent years allowing further research on challenging organisms. Therefore, greater access symbionts progression knowledge just beginning accumulate genes fungi; effects environment expression observations ecological studies, through experimentation manipulating conditions. Fungal metabolism covered extensive body literature (see Bennett Ciegler, 1983). Secondary not required survival its products dispensible whereas primary essential anabolic catabolic activities maintain life. chemically diverse produced few key intermediates metabolism, generally categorized they produced. Ciegler (1983) summarize six categories derived different intermediates. Although fungal extensive,