Making inferences on treatment effects from real world data: propensity scores, confounding by indication, and other perils for the unwary in observational research

作者: N. Freemantle , L. Marston , K. Walters , J. Wood , M. R. Reynolds

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.F6409

关键词:

摘要: … Using a propensity score matching approach, we attempted to replicate the RALES trial6 using data from the Health Improvement Network, with the ultimate objective of bridging from …

参考文章(14)
Sanjeev Saksena, April Slee, Albert L. Waldo, Nick Freemantle, Mathew Reynolds, Yves Rosenberg, Snehal Rathod, Shannon Grant, Elizabeth Thomas, D. George Wyse, Cardiovascular Outcomes in the AFFIRM Trial (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management) Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ,vol. 58, pp. 1975- 1985 ,(2011) , 10.1016/J.JACC.2011.07.036
Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators, None, A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 347, pp. 1825- 1833 ,(2002) , 10.1056/NEJMOA021328
Ronald Fisher, The Design of Experiments ,(1935)
Elizabeth Williamson, Ruth Morley, Alan Lucas, James Carpenter, Propensity scores: From naïve enthusiasm to intuitive understanding Statistical Methods in Medical Research. ,vol. 21, pp. 273- 293 ,(2012) , 10.1177/0962280210394483
Paul R. Rosenbaum, Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score Journal of the American Statistical Association. ,vol. 79, pp. 516- 524 ,(1984) , 10.2307/2288398
Liam Smeeth, Ian Douglas, Andrew J. Hall, Richard Hubbard, Stephen Evans, Effect of statins on a wide range of health outcomes: a cohort study validated by comparison with randomized trials British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ,vol. 67, pp. 99- 109 ,(2009) , 10.1111/J.1365-2125.2008.03308.X
Neil Howell, Eshan Senanayake, Nick Freemantle, Domenico Pagano, Putting the record straight on aprotinin as safe and effective: Results from a mixed treatment meta-analysis of trials of aprotinin The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. ,vol. 145, pp. 234- 240 ,(2013) , 10.1016/J.JTCVS.2012.07.018
Jerry Avorn, In Defense of Pharmacoepidemiology — Embracing the Yin and Yang of Drug Research The New England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 357, pp. 2219- 2221 ,(2007) , 10.1056/NEJMP0706892
Dennis T Mangano, Iulia C Tudor, Cynthia Dietzel, None, The risk associated with aprotinin in cardiac surgery. The New England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 354, pp. 353- 365 ,(2006) , 10.1056/NEJMOA051379
PAUL R. ROSENBAUM, DONALD B. RUBIN, The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects Biometrika. ,vol. 70, pp. 41- 55 ,(1983) , 10.1093/BIOMET/70.1.41