Target-site resistance mutations ( kdr and RDL ), but not metabolic resistance, negatively impact male mating competiveness in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

摘要: The implementation of successful insecticide resistance management strategies for malaria control is currently hampered by poor understanding the fitness cost on mosquito populations, including their mating competiveness. To fill this knowledge gap, coupled and uncoupled Anopheles gambiae s.l. males (all M form (Anopheles coluzzii)) were collected from swarms in Burkina Faso. This multiple resistant population exhibited high 1014F kdrR allele frequencies (>60%) RDLR (>80%) contrast to Ace-1R (<6%). Kdr heterozygote more likely mate than homozygote (OR=2.36; P<0.001), suggesting a negative impact kdr An. coluzzii ability. Interestingly, also competitive susceptible (OR=3.26; P=0.006), advantage effect. Similarly, RDLR/RDLS homozygote-resistant (OR=2.58; P=0.007). Furthermore, an additive disadvantage was detected male homozygotes both kdr/RDL-resistant alleles. In contrast, no difference observed Ace-1 mutation. Comparative microarray-based genome-wide transcription analysis revealed that metabolic did not significantly alter competitiveness mosquitoes. Indeed, significant expression levels main genes, has limited addition, specific gene classes/GO terms associated with process sensory perception peroxidase activity. detrimental competiveness here suggests such as rotation could help reverse resistance, if implemented early.