Graduate Student Literature Review: The effect of housing systems on movement opportunity of dairy cows and the implications on cow health and comfort.

摘要: Intensification within the dairy industry has led to an increase in use of more restrictive indoor housing systems (most commonly tiestalls and freestalls) less pasture-based used past generations. These are associated with not only a higher level restriction cow movement, but also prevalence lameness comfort issues on farm, which negatively affects welfare, public perceptions, producer profitability. In looking for solutions these issues, several studies have investigated different management options that movement opportunity. We hypothesized opportunity, briefly summarized as locomotor activity is able express her given environment well ease said can be expressed, direct, substantial effect leg hoof health. Lying behaviors, serve common indicators comfort, affected by comes providing opportunity lying environment, aforementioned improvements This particularly true regarding ability display postures rise lie down ease. The complexity relationship between methods provided cows corresponding effects outcome measures related health area research warrants exploration. this literature review, we sought identify how though practices, leg, udder, reproductive health, it behaviors indicative comfort.