Effects of cow-level and herd-level factors on claw health in tied and loose-housed dairy herds in Finland

摘要: Abstract Claw disorders severely compromise the welfare of dairy cows and reduce herd profitability. Heritabilities for claw are low, yet health can substantially be improved by optimizing housing management herds. Dairy farms in Finland different from those many other countries; main breed is Ayrshire, average size small, frequency infectious low usually kept indoors long winter periods. Previous studies have focused mainly on loose-housed (L) herds Holstein cows. The aim this study was to evaluate effect cow-level herd-level factors non-infectious tied (T) L Another quantify total variance explained trimmers. data were collected professional trimmers between 2003 2010 28,645 949 T 10,495 262 Finland. effects individual during routine trimmings analysed using generalised linear mixed models. prevalence increased together with parity ( p ≤0.001) early mid-lactation had highest odds developing ≤0.05). Cows always higher (OR=1.45, than access outdoors summer, whereas summer pasture exercise yard most likely disorders. In herds, use rubber mats stalls (OR=0.60, significantly reduced fed ration (OR=0.46 infectious, OR=0.63 non-infectious, solid floor (OR=0.52 OR=0.72 lowest trimmed once a year less (T OR=0.56, (L OR=0.82, ≤0.05) at least twice year. Between-trimmer variances intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) high, ICCs being 8–9% 14–20% disorder group. Because types groups recommendations should tailored depending type whether problems mostly or non-infectious. undergo standardized training order improve record reliability especially diseases.