Relative exposure to fine particulate matter and VOCs between transport microenvironments in Dublin : Personal exposure and uptake

摘要: Abstract To compare the relative exposure to and uptake of air pollutants between modes commuter transport, measurements personal PM2.5 traffic-related VOCs were obtained over an 18-month period. In total, 468 samples recorded comprising journeys equally divided four main transport in Dublin, Ireland: private car, pedestrian, public bus cyclist. Samples along two fixed routes approaching/exiting city centre at times day (morning evening peak traffic flows, 08:00–09:00 17:00–18:00). measured using a high flow gravimetric sampler for low vacuum operated bag VOCs. Sampling was always carried out simultaneously ensure direct comparison regardless meteorological conditions. Significant differences found exposures investigated. The car have highest VOCs, while PM2.5. pedestrian consistently lowest exposure. also However, as there physiological states, durations levels it deemed necessary estimate total by means numerical human respiratory tract model. results showed cyclist deposition lungs followed bus, car. passenger had absorption cyclist, bus. Hence, findings model give significantly different impression concentrations initially.