Heteromeric Amino Acid Transporters in Brain: from Physiology to Pathology.

摘要: In humans, more than 50 transporters are responsible for the traffic and balance of amino acids within between cells tissues, half them have been associated with disease [1]. Covering all common acids, Heteromeric Amino acid Transporters (HATs) one class such transporters. This review first highlights structural functional studies that solved atomic structure HATs revealed molecular clues on substrate interaction. Moreover, this focuses a role in central nervous system (CNS) related to neurological diseases, including: (i) LAT1/CD98hc its uptake branched chain trough blood brain barrier autism. (ii) LAT2/CD98hc potential transport glutamine plasma cerebrospinal fluid. (iii) y+LAT2/CD98hc is emerging as key player hepatic encephalopathy. xCT/CD98hc therapeutic target glioblastoma, (iv) Asc-1/CD98hc pathologies alterations NMDA glutamate receptors.