Cystic echinococcosis in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic.

摘要: The northern biotype of Echinococcus granulosus occurs throughout the holarctic zones tundra and taiga, from eastern Fennoscandia to Bering Strait in Eurasia North America arctic Alaska approximately border United States. cycle cestode is complex taiga at lower latitudes, because greater diversity potential hosts. In Arctic Subarctic, however, four patterns predator/prey relationships may be discerned. Two natural cycles involve wolf wild reindeer elk (moose), respectively. Where deer two species coexist, both are prey wolf; interactions here described on basis long-term observations made Isle Royale (in Lake Superior near southern limit taiga), where only serve as hosts for E. granulosus. A synanthropic involving herding-dogs domesticated caused hyperendemicity cystic echinococcosis Eurasia, mainly northeastern Siberia. 4th pattern, a semi-synanthropic cycle, formerly existed Alaska, wherein sled-dogs indigenous hunters became infected by consuming lungs reindeer. sequence changes life-style inherent process acculturation affected occurrence among nomadic Inupiat Alaska. When those people sedentary, environs their early villages soon severely contaminated faeces dogs, cases occurred. Compared adapted (dog domestic ungulates), infection produced relatively benign. Nearly all diagnosed (> 300) have occurred people; one fatality has been recorded non-indigenous person). After were replaced machines, become rare similar effect observed Fennoscandia, Saami Recent records indicate that prevalence increasing Russia, suggesting dogs used there herding.