SOMATYCZNA EMBRIOGENEZA - ALTERNATYWNY SPOSÓB UZYSKANIA WYSELEKCJONOWANEGO MATERIA£U SADZENIOWEGO GATUNKÓW DRZEW IGLASTYCH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS - AN ALTERNATIVE WAY TO PRODUCE IMPROVED PLANTING STOCK OF CONIFEROUS TREE SPECIES

摘要: Somatic embryogenesis in conifers as an effective vegetative propa- gation method, offers a great multiplicative potential short time well the possibility of cryopreservation embryogenic tissue. Mass propagation via tissue culture (micropropagation, clonal propagation) se- lected, improved material give many advantages over conventional methods (cutting, grafting). Plants can be produced by through one two different pathways: organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Organogenesis is developmental process where organ primordia are initiated on explant (for ex. bud, leaf), after exogenously applied hormones. After initiation sev- eral steps - shoot elonagation, rooting and acclimatization required to ob- tain plant. formation development embryos from (somatic) This divided into steps: 1) primary (mature immature zygotic embryo, cotyledon, needle), 2) multiplication tissue, 3) maturation embryos, 4) ger- mination 5) plant regeneration. A historical aspects woody plants its application for forest regen- eration presented. Vegetatively propagated embryo- genesis seed used tree breeding reforestation programmes.