Autophagy in mammalian cells

摘要: Autophagy is a regulated process for the degradation of cellular components that has been well conserved in eukaryotic cells. The discovery autophagy-regulating proteins yeast important understanding this process. Although many parallels exist between fungi and mammals regulation execution autophagy, there are some differences. pre-autophagosomal structure found not identified mammals, it seems may be multiple origins autophagosomes, including endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane mitochondrial outer membrane. maturation phagophore largely dependent on 5’-AMP activated protein kinase other factors lead to dephosphorylation mammalian target rapamycin. Once initiated, elongates matures into an autophagosome by processes similar those yeast. Cargo selection ubiquitin conjugation aggregates organelles recognition these conjugates autophagosomal receptors. Lysosomal cargo produces metabolites can recycled during stress. safeguard starvation all eukaryotes; however, have more complicated, tissue specific roles mammals. With certain exceptions, autophagy cytoprotective, defects associated with human disease.