Harnessing "A Billion Years of Experimentation": The Ongoing Exploration and Exploitation of CRISPR-Cas Immune Systems.

摘要: The famed physicist-turned-biologist, Max Delbruck, once remarked that, for physicists, "the field of bacterial viruses is a fine playground serious children who ask ambitious questions." Early discoveries in that helped establish molecular genetics, and half century later, biologists delving into the same have ushered era precision genome engineering. focus has course shifted-from their mechanisms infection to hosts immunity-but it very evolutionary arms race continues awe inspire researchers worldwide. In this review, we explore remarkable diversity CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems, describe components mediate nucleic acid targeting, outline use these RNA-guided machines biotechnology applications. research yielded far more than just Cas9-based genome-editing tools, wide-reaching, innovative impacts fascinating biological are sure be felt years come.