Biowaste treatment with black soldier fly larvae: Increasing performance through the formulation of biowastes based on protein and carbohydrates

摘要: Abstract A key challenge for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is its variable reliability and efficiency when applied to different biowastes. Similar other biowaste technologies, co-conversion could compensate variability in the composition of Using detailed nutrient analyses, this study assessed whether mixing biowastes similar protein non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) contents increased performance reduced BSFL comparison individual wastes. The examined were mill by-products, human faeces, poultry slaughterhouse waste, cow manure, canteen waste. Biowaste formulations had a protein-to-NFC ratio 1:1, content 14–19%, NFC 13–15% (dry mass). Performance parameters that included survival bioconversion rate, waste reduction, conversion efficiency. In feed (benchmark), vegetable showed best manure performed worst. Formulations significantly improved lower However, was higher than expected formulations. One reason be fibre lipid contents, which correlated with results Overall, research provides baseline knowledge guidance on how facilities may systematically operate using varying types compositions.