Bypassing the Enemy: Distributive Politics, Credit Claiming, and Non-State Organizations in Brazil

摘要: How do incumbents prevent the opposition from claiming credit for government programs? The received scholarly wisdom is that central authorities favor co-partisans in lower tiers of order to reward allies and punish opponents. Yet this depiction ignores range strategies available at center. I argue another effective strategy channel resources through non-state organizations, thus bypassing reducing "credit hijacking.'' Using a regression-discontinuity design with data Brazil, show mayors president's party receive more resources, but election an mayor induces shift organizations operate locality. Original survey data, fieldwork, on organizations' leaders support claim not hijack spending organizations.