Diet, gut microbiome and indoxyl sulphate in chronic kidney disease patients.

摘要: Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal dysbiosis plays an important role in host inflammation locally and systemically. Such pathological condition is even more prevailing patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Of note, indoxyl sulphate (IS), a gut-derived uremic toxin, notorious for its pro-inflammatory feature CKD patients. IS accumulates the body as urinary excretion of toxins impaired, further worsens function vicious cycle to CKD. Dietary restriction vegetables, fruits yogurt leads predominance indole-producing microbial flora exaggerates accumulation Recently, interventional studies have shown circulating can be reduced by dietary prebiotic and/or probiotic supplements. However, randomized controlled trials are warranted examine whether such beneficial effect prebiotic/probiotic supplements could extrapolated better hard outcomes population. In this review, we would also like emphasize importance achieving sufficient intake fibre proper vegetable pre-treatment accurate fruit selection, instead directly avoiding these potassium-rich yet fibre-rich base-producing foods.