Chapter 1.4 Measurement techniques of transport through membranes

摘要: Abstract Membrane model-independent relationships (e.g., phenomenological of the thermodynamics irreversible processes, Kedem—Katchalsky and Schlogl relationships, non-linear relationship Kedem Spiegler) membrane model-dependent solution—diffusion model, fine porous models such as combined viscous flow frictional fixed charge fine-porous model) for transport matter across synthetic membranes are compiled. Subsequently, experimental determination equilibrium properties water content, concentration exchange isotherm, partition coefficients solutes (absorption isotherm), swelling, is discussed since data required evaluation parameters from relationships. Finally, methods dialysis—osmosis hyperfiltration experiments summarized placing emphasis on interpretation potential measurements. The characterization hollow fibers composite systems by means also considered.