Failed Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Spectrum of CT Findings in the Frontal Recess

摘要: Since its introduction over 2 decades ago, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has revolutionized the surgical management of chronic sinusitis. Performed 200,000 times annually in United States to treat medically refractory sinusitis, FESS success rates as high 98%. When failure occurs, it is typically due postoperative scarring or unaddressed outflow tract obstruction region frontal recess. The most common causes recess include remnant cells, a retained uncinate process, middle turbinate lateralization, osteoneogenesis, inflammatory mucosal thickening, and recurrent polyposis. Computed tomography (CT) paranasal sinuses become indispensable evaluation patients with failure, particularly recess, location that can be difficult visualize at endoscopy. Familiarity complex anatomy knowledge are essential for proper interpretation CT images obtained being considered revision sinus.