Emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci in Europe

摘要: Nowadays, six types of acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci are known; however, only VanA and to a lesser extent VanB widely prevalent. Various genes encode these typically associated with mobile genetic elements which allow spread clonally laterally. The major reservoir is Enterococcus faecium; vancomycin-resistant faecalis still rare. Population analysis E. faecium has revealed distinct subpopulation hospital-acquired strain types, can be differentiated by molecular typing methods (MLVA, MLST) from human commensal animal strains. Hospital-acquired have additional genomic content (accessory genome) including several factors known or supposed virulence-associated. Acquired ampicillin phenotypic marker Europe experience shown that it often precedes increasing rates VRE delay years. Several promote colonisation transmission; despite having populations similar predispositions preconditions, vary all over Europe.