New Molecular Markers with Diagnostic and Prognostic Values in Bladder Cancer
作者： Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie , Gopa Iyer
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_18
关键词:
摘要: Immunohistochemical markers may be of value in the workup urothelial lesions some situations: (1) distinguishing reactive atypia from carcinoma situ, (2) differentiating other carcinomas secondarily involving urinary bladder, (3) confirming differentiation at a metastatic site, (4) determining nature spindle cell (5) staging bladder cancer, and (6) assessing presence lymphovascular invasion.The prognostic or predictive role immunohistochemical molecular remains limited, although promising. A number urine-based assays utilized diagnostic cancer.
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