The Gut Peptide Hormone Family, Motilin and Ghrelin

摘要: Endocrine hormones are a system of glands, each which secretes type hormone into the bloodstream to regulate multiple physiology body. In past several decades, many from gastrointestinal tract has been identified and cloned, their physiological functions have studied. Although pituitary gland was considered be main endocrine organ body in early studies, there other organs that produce such as adipose tissue, reproductive organ, adrenal gland, tract. Among those, is largest volume, produced physiologically important for roles development, growth, cardiovascular, gastric motility, behavior maintenance energy homeostasis. Many different parts For instance, stomach, gastrin, histamine (Dornonville de la Cour, et al. 2001), somatostatin (Bolkent, neuropeptide Y (Wang, 1987), ghrelin (Sakata, 2002) leptin (Bado, 1998) mucosal layer and/or myentric plexus, cholecystokinin (CCK) (Miyamoto Miyamoto 2004), glucagon-like peptide-1 (Theodorakis, 2006), motilin (Sakai, 1994a) (Satoh, 1995), serotonin (Ku, 2004) PYY3-36 (Rozengurt, 2006) upper lower intestine. Motilin comprise peptide family based on similarity structures also specific G protein coupled receptor, growth secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) (MTL-R, known GPR38). this chapter, we review recent research knowledge peptides, regarding structures, distribution motilinand ghrelin-producing cells, receptors, plasma profies secretion ghrelin, role motility. However, lack basic information study detailed changes release under some states. One reasons difficulty rodents rats mice cannot used because gene inactivated common ancestor (He, 2010). reason, studied using relatively largesized animals, dogs rabbits, made it difficult investigate detail mechanisms underlying actions motilin. Recently, characterized house musk shrew (Suncus murinus, order: Insectivora, suncus named laboratory strain) small