Punctuated Equilibrium and Phyletic Gradualism

摘要: Since Eldredge and Gould (1972) first wrote about “punctuated equilibrium” as a pattern for the history of life, three factions have appeared among evolutionary theorists. One faction favors picture punctuated equilibrium (Eldredge Gould, 1972; Eldredge, 1977; 1982, 1985; Stanley, 1975, 1979, 1982). Another traditional alternative phyletic gradualism or at least gradual change (Gingerich, 1976, 1984, Charlesworth et al., 1982; Rose Bown, 1984; Malmgren Kennett, 1981, 1983; Ozawa, 1975). And third suggests that major differences between largely are semantic because evolution can does produce both patterns, moreover were envisioned by formulators modern synthesis even Darwin (for example, Levinton Simon, 1980; Stebbins Ayala, 1981; Mayr, Hoffman, Johnson, Lande, Ginzburg Rost, Rhodes, Chaline, Newman 1985). The in opinion persist relative paucity facts—facts relationships within lineages, rate morphological through time, distribution changes space, relationship speciation.