Electrical, magnetic, photomechanical and cavitational waves to overcome skin barrier for transdermal drug delivery.

摘要: Transdermal drug delivery is hindered by the barrier property of stratum corneum. It limits route to transport drugs with a log octanol-water partition coefficient 1 3, molecular weight less than 500Da and melting point 200°C. Active methods such as iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis laser techniques have been investigated for past decades on their ability, mechanisms limitations in modifying skin microenvironment promote diffusion partition. Microwave, an electromagnetic wave characterized frequencies range between 300MHz 300GHz, has recently reported potential permeation enhancer. Microwave received widespread application food, engineering medical sectors. Its use facilitate transdermal still its infancy stage evaluation. This review provides overview update active utilizing electrical, magnetic, photomechanical cavitational waves overcome administration insights into future perspectives latest microwave technique described.