The Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays Cannot be Dominantly Protons from Steady Sources
作者： Kumiko Kotera , Kumiko Kotera , Ke Fang , Ke Fang
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8205/832/1/L17
关键词:
摘要: The bulk of observed ultrahigh energy cosmic rays could be light or heavier elements, and originate from an either steady transient population sources. This leaves us with four general categories Energetic requirements set a lower limit on single source luminosities, while the distribution particle arrival directions in sky sets number density. latter constraint depends angular smearing skymap due to magnetic deflections charged particles during their propagation Earth. We contrast these limits luminosity functions surveys existing luminous objects nearby universe, strongly constrain one models, namely, proton possibility that $> 8\times 10^{19}\,$eV are dominantly pure protons coming sources is excluded at 95\% confidence level, under safe assumption experience less than $30^\circ$ deflection flight.
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