The Critical Role of Impact Distribution for Local Recycled Water Systems

摘要: Small-scale or local recycled water systems are increasingly being installed in urban centers in Australia, and throughout the world. These (often private) building basements, parks, on industrial sites within small communities that already serviced by existing public centralized wastewater networks. A consistent fair assessment of value of such recycling systems, particularly relation to centralized extension, augmentation and replacement, has proved be problematic. This paper reveals why. It suggests traditional characterization impacts into social, environmental, economic at times technical groupings misses a key aspect understanding relative costs, benefits risks these systems: their distribution across wide range stakeholder groups. proposes accounting for distribution is critical for assessments include options different scales and levels responsibility as there significant difference impact distribution between conventional services small-scale, systems. This will help practitioners better understand consequences varying distribution, particularly when moving from substantially public ownership assets a mix private ownership. Keywords: Urban planning, Decentralized infrastructure, Sustainability