Sub- and Supercritical Water Technology for Biofuels

摘要: One of the major challenges in utilization biomass is its high moisture content and variable composition. The conventional thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis gasification require dry for production biofuels. Sub- supercritical water (critical point: 374°C, 22.1°MPa) technology, which can utilize wet biomass, capitalizes on extraordinary solvent properties at elevated temperature converting to energy density fuels functional carbonaceous materials. Here, acts reactant well reaction medium performing hydrolysis, depolymerization, dehydration, decarboxylation, many other chemical reactions. advantages that large parasitic losses consume much removal are avoided. In sub- water-based processes, kept liquid or phase by applying pressure greater than vapor water. Thus, latent heat required change from (2.26 MJ/kg water) not needed. For a typical 250°C subcritical process, requirement ambient condition about 1 MJ/kg, equivalent 6–8% biomass.