摘要: Vector-borne diseases have been the scourge of man and animals since beginning time. Historically, these are that caused great plagues such as 'Black Death' in Europe 14th Century epidemics yellow fever plagued development New World. Others, Nagana, contributed to lack Africa for many years. At turn 20th Century, vector-borne were among most serious public animal health problems world. For part, controlled by middle through application knowledge about their natural history along with judicious use DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) other residual insecticides interrupt transmission cycle between arthropod vertebrate host. However, this success initiated a period complacency 1960s 1970s, which resulted redirection resources away from prevention control diseases. The 1970s was also time there major changes policy. Global trends, combined husbandry, urbanisation, modern transportation globalisation, global re-emergence epidemic affecting both humans over past 30