The diffuse chemosensory system: exploring the iceberg toward the definition of functional roles

摘要: The diffuse chemosensory system (DCS) is an anatomical structure composed of solitary cells (SCCs, also called chemoreceptor cells), which have analogies with taste but are not aggregated in buds. concept DCS has been advanced, after the discovery that similar to gustatory elements present several organs. forming share common morphological and biochemical characteristics located buds oro-pharyngeal cavity they localized internal In particular, may express molecules chemoreceptorial cascade (e.g. trans-membrane receptors, G-protein alpha-gustducin, PLCbeta2, TRPM5). This article will focus on mammalian apparatuses endodermic origin (i.e. digestive respiratory systems), enormous number sensory presents a multiplicity aspects. Recent research provided adequate description these elements, functional role for unknown. initial findings led definition structured like iceberg, mysterious "submerged" portion distal part apparatuses. work focussed this submerged portion, now appears less puzzling. However, roles different cytotypes belonging well known. studies linked chemosensation intraluminal content local control absorptive secretory (exocrine endocrine) processes. Control microbial population detection irritants seem be other possible functions DCS. light new findings, might thought involved wide range diseases both asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis) (absorptive or secretive diseases, dysmicrobism), as systemic obesity, diabetes). A first step toward therapeutic approaches target mechanisms.