Antennas: From Theory to Practice

摘要: Preface. List of Symbols. 1. Introduction. 1.1 A Short History Antennas. 1.2 Radio Systems and 1.3 Necessary Mathematics. 1.3.1 Complex Numbers. 1.3.2 Vectors Vector Operation. 1.3.3 Coordinates. 1.4 Basics Electromagnetics. 1.4.1 Electric Field. 1.4.2 Magnetic 1.4.3 Maxwell's Equations. 1.4.4 Boundary Conditions. Summary. References. Problems. 2. Circuit Concepts Transmission Lines. 2.1 Concepts. 2.1.1 Lumped Distributed Element Systems. 2.2 Line Theory. 2.2.1 Model. 2.2.2 Solutions Analysis. 2.2.3 Terminated Line. 2.3 The Smith Chart Impedance Matching. 2.3.1 Chart. 2.3.2 2.3.3 Quality Factor Bandwidth. 2.4 Various 2.4.1 Two-wire 2.4.2 Coaxial Cable. 2.4.3 Microstrip 2.4.4 Stripline. 2.4.5 Co-planar Waveguide (CPW). 2.4.6 Waveguide. 2.5 Connectors. 3. Field Radiowaves. 3.1 Wave Equation Solutions. 3.1.1 Discussion on 3.2 Plane Wave, Intrinsic Polarisation. 3.2.1 Impedance. 3.2.2 3.3 Radiowave Propagation Mechanisms. 3.3.1 Reflection Transmission. 3.3.2 Diffraction Huygens' Principle. 3.3.3 Scattering . 3.4 Characteristics in Media. 3.4.1 Media Classification Attenuation. 3.5 Models. 3.5.1 Free Space 3.5.2 Two-ray Model/Plane Earth 3.5.3 Multipath 3.6 Comparison 3.6.1 Skin Depth. 4. Antenna 125. 4.1 Antennas to 4.1.1 Near Far 4.1.2 Parameters from the Point View. 4.2 4.2.1 5. Popular 5.1 Wire-Type 5.1.1 Dipoles. 5.1.2 Monopoles Image 5.1.3 Loops Duality 5.1.4 Helical 5.1.5 Yagi-Uda 5.1.6 Log-periodic Frequency Independent 5.2 Aperture-Type 5.2.1 Fourier Transform Radiated 5.2.2 Horn 5.2.3 Reflector Lens 5.2.4 Slot Babinet's 5.2.5 5.3 arrays. 5.3.1 Basic Concept. 5.3.2 Isotropic Linear Arrays. 5.3.3 Pattern Multiplication 5.3.4 Mutual Coupling. 5.4 Some Practical Considerations. 5.4.1 Transmitting Receiving Antennas: Reciprocity. 5.4.2 Balun 5.4.3 5.4.4 Radomes, Housings Supporting Structures. 6. Computer Aided Design 6.1 6.2 Computational Electromagnetics for 6.2.1 Method Moments (MoM). 6.2.2 Finite (FEM). 6.2.3 Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method. 6.2.4 Modelling (TLM) 6.2.5 Numerical Methods. 6.2.6 High 6.3 Examples 6.3.1 Wire-type 6.3.2 General 7. Manufacturing Measurements. 7.1 Manufacturing. 7.1.1 Conducting Materials. 7.1.2 Dielectric 7.1.3 New Materials 7.2 Measurement Basics. 7.2.1 Parameters. 7.2.2 Network Analysers. 7.3 Impedance, S11, VSWR, Return Loss. 7.4 Radiation 7.4.1 Open Area Test Sites (OATS). 7.4.2 Anechoic Chambers. 7.4.3 Compact Ranges (CATR). 7.4.4 Planar Cylindrical 7.4.5 Spherical 7.5 Gain 7.5.1 with a Standard-gain Horn. 7.5.2 Two-antenna Measurement. 7.5.3 Three-antenna 7.6 Miscellaneous Topics. 7.6.1 Efficiency 7.6.2 Reverberation 7.6.3 De-embedding Techniques. 7.6.4 Probe Array 8. Special 8.1 Electrically Small 8.1.1 Slope Fundamental Limits Size, Q Efficiency. Bandwidth Broadening. Discussions Conclusions. 8.1.2 size reduction techniques. Top Loading. Reactive 8.2 Mobile Antennas, Diversity Human Body Effects. 8.2.1 8.2.2 Cellular Bands. "Connectivity" Typical Types. a). Monopoles. b). c). Monopole-Like d). Inverted F Effect PCB. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Mean Effective Gain. 8.2.3 Diversity. De-correlation Polarisation Spatial Combining Switched (SWC). Selection (SC). Equal (EGC). Maximal Ratio (MRC). Branch Correlation. Unequal Powers. MIMO 8.2.4 User Interaction. Losses. 8.3 Multi-band Ultra Wideband 8.3.1 8.3.2 Higher Order Resonances. Resonant Traps. Combined Parasitic Resonators. Examples. 8.3.3 8.4 RFID 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.5 Reconfigurable 8.5.1 8.5.2 Switch Variable Component Technologies. 8.5.3 Mode Switching/Tuning. 8.5.4 Feed Switching/tuning. 8.5.5 Mechanical Reconfiguration. 9. Appendix. 9.1 Industry Standard Cables. 9.2 9.3 Simulation Software Market.