Hypocretins (orexins) and sleep–wake disorders

摘要: Summary Since their discovery in 1998, the hypocretins (orexins)—peptides that are produced by a group of neurons situated posterolateral hypothalamus—have been shown to excite many CNS areas including neuronal systems regulate sleep and wakefulness. Animal studies indicate play part regulation various functions arousal, muscle tone, locomotion, feeding behaviour, neuroendocrine autonomic functions. A link between hypocretin deficiency narcoleptic symptoms was first canine rodent models narcolepsy. Hypocretin deficiency, as low or absent concentrations CSF, subsequently found 90% patients with sporadic narcolepsy-cataplexy, less commonly familial In most other sleep–wake neurological disorders, normal. Low were also hypothalamic acute traumatic brain injury, few disorders. The exact function system its pathophysiological role hypocretin-deficient non-deficient narcolepsy well non-narcoleptic, hypocretin-deficiency syndromes remain unclear.