Competition and Niche Overlap Between Gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) and Other Frugivorous Vertebrates in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

摘要: Interspecific competition is considered to be one of the fundamental forces driving a wide range evolutionary and ecological processes, but its importance in limiting mammalian populations has been hotly debated (Hairston et al. 1960; Fleming 1979; Schoener 1982; Walter Paterson 1995). Early ecologists held view that between species was overriding shaping vertebrate communities (e.g., Grant 1972; MacArthur Cody 1975; Diamond 1978). Others argued interspecific sporadic, effects may relatively unimportant compared other forces, such as climate or predation Connell Wiens 1977; den Boer 1986; Post Forschhamer 2002), non-equilibrial stochastic factors (e.g. Saether 1997; Hubbell 2001). Despite continued uncertainty over precise nature (Schoener Eccard Ylonen 2003; Cooper 2004), few would deny can have powerful on animal populations. Field experiments demonstrated are widespread (reviewed 1983; 1983). Begon, Harper, Townsend (1996: 800) concluded ‘‘appears frequently important communities, particularly those stable, rich environments.’’ Most primates live tropical rainforests, among most stable environments earth, suggesting for these taxa. Primate field studies indirectly inferred competition, either with species. For example, density compensation—an increase response decline abundance competing species—has reported