Estimates of the risk of cardiovascular death attributable to low-dose oral contraceptives in the United States ☆ ☆☆ ★ ★★
作者： Pamela J. Schwingl , Howard W. Ory , Cynthia M. Visness
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70182-1
关键词:
摘要: Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to estimate the annual risk of death in United States from cardiovascular disease attributable low-dose combination oral contraceptives. Study Design: Estimates contraceptives were modeled on data studies published through 1997 and age-specific mortality rates for 1993 1994. Results: Attributable resulting contraceptive use is 0.06 3.0 per 100,000 nonsmokers 15 34 years age 35 44 age, respectively. In smokers this increases, respectively, 1.73 19.4 users these 2 groups; however, 97% 85% due combined effects smoking using The nonsmoking lower than pregnancy nonusers at all ages; among more excess higher pregnancy. Conclusion: There virtually no related young women. However, should a nonestrogen contraceptive. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:241-9)
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