Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review

摘要: Abstract. Sea ice is the central component and most sensitive indicator of Arctic climate system. Both depletion areal decline sea cover, observed since 1970s, have accelerated millennium. While relationship global warming to reduction evident underpinned statistically, it connecting mechanisms that are explored in detail this review. erodes both from top bottom. Atmospheric, oceanic processes interact non-linear ways on various scales. Feedback lead an amplification system: supported by and, at same time, accelerates reduction. Knowledge grew during 1990s deepened when acceleration became clear early 2000s. Record minimum summer extents 2002, 2005, 2007 2012 provide additional information mechanisms. This article reviews recent progress understanding decline. Processes revisited atmospheric, perspectives. There strong evidence decisive atmospheric changes major driver change. Feedbacks due reduced concentration, surface albedo, thickness allow for local influences self-supporting feedbacks. Large-scale ocean Ocean hydrology circulation highly evident. Northward heat fluxes clearly impacting margins, especially Atlantic sector Arctic. little indication a direct influence overall isolating layer cold fresh water underneath ice.