Exercise, muscle, and the applied load-bone strength balance

摘要: A fracture occurs when the applied load is greater than bone can withstand. Clinical practice guidelines for management of osteoporosis include recommendations exercise; one few therapies where proposed anti-fracture mechanisms that effects on both strength and loads, loads come in form a fall, externally body weight, or muscle forces. The aim this review to provide an overview clinical evidence pertaining potential efficacy exercise preventing fractures older adults, including its direct outcomes along causal pathway (e.g., falls, posture, strength) indirect muscle-bone relationship. examined as it pertains application practice. Considerations future research are discussed, such need trials individuals with low mass students evaluate whether changes mediate bone. Future should also consider adequacy calorie protein intake, confounding effect exercise-induced weight loss, most appropriate therapeutic goal strength, bearing, hypertrophy) outcome measures fracture, disability, cost-effectiveness).