Growth differentiation factor 9 regulates expression of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin.
作者： Stephanie A. Pangas , Carolina J. Jorgez , Martin M. Matzuk
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摘要: Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-expressed member of the transforming growth β (TGF-β) superfamily and required for normal ovarian follicle development female fertility. GDF9 acts as a paracrine affects granulosa cell physiology. Only few genes regulated by are known. Our microarray analysis has identified gremlin one up-regulated in cultures cells. Gremlin known DAN family bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, but its expression function ovary unknown. We have investigated regulation mouse cells well other members TGF-β superfamily. BMP4 induce gremlin, does not. In addition, cells, negatively regulates signaling not activity. The was also examined situ hybridization. A distinct change mRNA compartmentalization occurs during ovulation, indicating highly pattern folliculogenesis. propose that modulates cross-talk between BMP necessary because both ligands use components same pathway.
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