European Hot Summers Associated with a Reduction of Cloudiness

摘要: A pronounced summer warming is observed in Europe since the 1980s that has been accompanied by an increase occurrence of heat waves. Water deficit strongly reduces surface latent cooling a widely acceptedexplanationfor causesof hot summers.The authors show variance Europeansummer temperature partly explained changes cloudiness. Using observation-based products climate variables, satellite-derived cloud cover, and radiation products, that, during 1984‐2007 period, become less cloudy (except northeastern Europe) regions east have cloudier daytime. In response, temperatures increased areas total cover decrease stalled or declined increase. Trends shortwave are generally positive (negative) with (cooling warming), whereas signs trends top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected reversed. The authors’ results suggest either importantlocal factor influencingthe major indicator these changes.