Facilitated Group Decision Making in Hierarchical Contexts

摘要: Decision-orientated negotiation faces a particular challenge as regards information logistics when the acting group is part of larger decision-making hierarchy. This typically case in large companies, policy processes, and land-use planning. In hierarchical planning, higher (top) levels decision making frame, are informed by lower levels. Concurrently, (subordinate) implement, further specify, directions given while feedback concerning lower-level situation staffs’ anticipations collected passed upwards. The groups stakeholders may use several hard soft OR methods to assist negotiation, but their co-usage needs be fitted with requirements case. chapter discusses tasks moderators presents three generic approaches applied solving planning problems. addition, in-depth examples from natural resources management presented; first introduces strategic participative state-owned forests, second describes forest on regional national scales, third illustrates how can accelerated using an incentive