Three-dimensional visualization and analysis in prostate cancer.

摘要: Current and emerging three- four-dimensional medical imaging modalities, along with development of efficient 3-D computer rendering modeling multidimensional volume image data image-guided navigation, are significantly advancing our capabilities for improved minimally invasive diagnosis treatment prostate cancer, obviating the need exploratory surgery, physical dissection, blind biopsies mental reconstruction anatomy pathology. Currently, both diagnostic therapeutic procedures require x-ray fluoroscopy, transrectal ultrasound, CT and/or MRI assessing condition outcome any procedure. New approaches based on three-dimensional ultrasound transducers placed catheters easy insertion into urethra demonstrating significant promise disease. Microwave thermal ablation shows reduction size tumor volume, preliminary from cryosurgery suggests improvements in management while minimizing risk serious complications. Prostate brachytherapy is becoming a more popular effective alternative to surgery. All these methods, either independently or combined through fusion, providing an exciting rapid evolution visualizing its anatomic environment, extending functional forms macro micro orders scale. Traversing scale distances between imaged objects within environs will be made automatic instantaneous near future expected advances miniaturization powerful computing electronic sensing elements. Imaging devices continue improve resolution, speed affordability deployed harmlessly body, as well outside it. Diagnosis therapy disease become fully noninvasive synchronous.