Open innovation modes and the role of internal R&D: An empirical study on open innovation adoption in Europe
作者： Alexander Schroll , Andreas Mild
DOI: 10.1108/14601061111174925
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摘要: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and much open innovation used across Europe. goal study therefore provide comprehensive empirical evidence for the adoption inbound outbound activities in Europe.Design/methodology/approach Data from 180 European companies were test three hypotheses on role internal R&D. collected 2009 sample comprises different industries 24 countries.Findings It found that 30.3 per cent are very 38.7 semi‐open. results show more commonly than innovation, which can be explained by insufficiencies market or organization. Finally, it type strategy (vertically integrated, inbound, outbound, mixed) related R&D intensity.Originality/value This provid...
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