Exposure of Paracentrotus lividus male gametes to engineered nanoparticles affects skeletal bio-mineralization processes and larval plasticity.

摘要: Abstract The aim of this study is to contribute the understanding mechanisms underlying nanoparticle (NP)-induced embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms. We previously demonstrated that exposure male gametes NPs causes non-dose-dependent skeletal damage sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae. In present study, molecular responsible for these anomalies development from exposed cobalt (Co), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) were investigated by histochemical, immunohistochemical Western blot analyses. P. lividus sperm different NP concentrations (from 0.0001 1 mg/L). distribution molecules related skeletogenic cell identification, including ID5 immunoreactivity (IR), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) affinity fibronectin (FN) IR, confocal laser scanning microscopy at gastrula (24 h) pluteus (72 h) stages. Our results identified a spatial correspondence among PMCs, IR WGA sites. altered FN pattern suggests it migration, while Golgi apparatus cells, denoted their affinity, shows aspects according degree caused concentrations. specific marker cells embryos (in particular msp130 protein Ca2+ Mg2+ mineralization), localized cellular strands prefiguring rods stage and, stage, was visible mineralization skeleton. conclusion, suspended seawater interfere with bio-mineralization processes marine organisms, offer new series endpoints mechanistic toxicity.