Synovial joints: Mechanobiology and tissue engineering of articular cartilage and synovial fluid

摘要: This chapter provides an overview of the components synovial joints including articular cartilage, synovium, and fluid. Focus is placed on biomechanical properties these tissues models their behavior. Further insight given into influence mechanical loading development joint changes during pathology. Finally, perspectives engineering cartilage fluid are provided. Synovial allow for articulation long bones within a fluid-filled cavity. Articular (AC) connective tissue covering ends that functions as load-bearing, low-friction, wear-resistant surface to facilitate movement. (SF) viscous liquid found inside lubricant. The SF encapsulated space by synovium (SYN), thin membrane-like consisting cells extracellular matrix. matrix allows load-bearing motion, while lubricating reduce wear. homeostasis dependent mechanobiology – cell populations receiving cues guide biosynthesis thereby alter microenvironment tissue-scale properties. includes Tissue (TE) regenerative medicine (RM) approaches in vitro vivo treatment study damaged joints. First, composition, structure, function discussed, followed theoretical have been used describe them. Next, effects stimuli chondrocyte pathological composition covered. advances fields TE RM applied cartilaginous reviewed, focusing chondrocytes engineered constructs.