Cognitive issues in head-up displays

摘要: The ability of pilots to recognize and act upon unexpected information, presented in either the outside world or a head-up display (HUD), was evaluated. Eight commercial airline flew 18 approaches with flightpath-type HUD 13 conventional instruments fixed-base 727 simulator. were flown under conditions low visibility, turbulence, wind shear. Vertical lateral flight performance measured for five cognitive variables: an obstacle on runway; vertical boresight-type offset HUD; ILS beam bend-type offset; no anomaly. Mean response time runway longer than without it (4.13 vs 1.75 sec.), two did not see at all HUD. None offsets caused any deterioration performance, but some change tracking; seemed magnify environmental effects. In conditions, both tracking better instruments.